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腸内透過性は腸内細菌叢依存性のシステインパルミトイル化によって促進されるN-アセチルシステインの影響

iLIFE by iLIFE
2025年5月19日
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**ニュース記事**

**腸内微生物叢が経口投与薬の透過性に与える影響を解明**

腸内に存在する数兆の微生物叢は、経口投与された薬剤の透過性にとって不可欠な要素です。しかし、個々の腸内フローラの組成が非常に変動するため、微生物と薬剤の相互作用を特定することは依然として困難です。この課題に対処するため、我々は単回腸内灌流(SPIP)プラットフォームを用いて、無菌(GF)および特定病原体フリー(SPF)ラットを用いた微生物叢に基づく透過性スクリーニングフレームワークを確立しました。このフレームワークでは、32種類の経口投与薬のin-situ Peff値と代謝物プロファイルを比較し、バイオオーソゴナル化学およびLC-MS/MSによる検証を行います。

SPFコントロールと比較して、N-アセチルシステイン(NAC)はGFラットにおいて有意に透過性が増加し、これはBacteroidesによるシステイン-3-ケトスフィンガニンの減少と逆相関しています。これらの微生物叢の特徴をさらに検証するために、319人の参加者からの臨床記述子を統合し、15の特徴を持つeXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGB)モデルを最適化しました。このモデルは、腸内微生物叢によるシステインのパルミトイル化がNACの透過性に有意な影響を与えていることを明らかにしました。ネット再分類改善(NRI)指数の比較において、腸内微生物の特徴を含むこの機械学習(ML)モデルは、NACの透過性を予測する際に他の3つの商業モデルを上回る性能を示しました。

この研究により、我々は未特定のNAC透過性を評価するための腸内微生物叢に基づく戦略を開発し、その生物薬剤学的分類の不一致を説明することができました。製薬業界は、世界中で新しい製剤の開発・承認において、コスト、時間、臨床試験の数を削減することを強く求めています。生物薬剤学的分類システム(BCS)の評価は、薬剤を水溶性と腸内透過性に基づいて分類する上での大きなブレークスルーを示しています。しかし、現在の腸内透過性の評価システムは、250以上の異なる種の細菌、真菌、ウイルス、古細菌からなる約10^13の共生体の代謝効果を無視しています。薬剤と細菌の相互作用の統合的なマッピングは、腸内細菌の生物蓄積と代謝が薬剤の生物利用能を大きく変化させ、個々の薬物動態、副作用、臨床反応に影響を与えることを示しています。したがって、腸内細菌を薬剤透過性の評価に効果的に統合する方法については、体系的な調査が必要です。

NAC N-acetyl cysteine

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