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星形成領域における低エネルギーグリシン生成とスペクトルマスキング

iLIFE by iLIFE
2026年1月6日
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以下は、提供された内容を日本語のニュース記事として翻訳したものです。

—

**新たな研究が示す、星形成過程におけるグリシンの生成メカニズム**

彗星や隕石に存在するアミノ酸は、宇宙で前生物分子が形成され、地球上の生命の起源に寄与した可能性を長い間示唆してきました。最も単純なアミノ酸であるグリシンは、いくつかの地球外環境で確認されていますが、星間物質、特に前星形成コアや原始星領域での検出は依然として難しい状況です。

本研究では、星形成の比較的温かい段階(>150K)における鉱物粒子上でのグリシン生成の新しい触媒経路を調査しました。原子レベルのシミュレーションを用いて、フォルムアルデヒド、一酸化炭素、アンモニアの反応を含むストレッカー型合成と直接中性メカニズムの実現可能性を評価しました。結果は、ストレッカー経路が高い活性化障壁によって制限される一方で、提案された直接メカニズムは低エネルギーの表面安定中間体を介して進行し、単一の障壁を持つ発熱過程でグリシンが自発的に生成されることを示しています。

さらに、グリシンは鉱物表面に強く吸着し、温かい条件下では脱離しにくいことが分かりました。振動解析の結果、この経路で生成されたグリシンは、特有のバンドの抑制やシフトを含むスペクトル的に異なる特徴を示し、これが天文学的観測における持続的な非検出の理由となる可能性があります。

本研究で報告されたすべての計算の入力および出力ファイルは、以下のioChem-BDデータベースを通じてアクセス可能です。https://doi.org/10.19061/iochem-bd-6-572

**参考文献**
– Martins, Z. et al. (2007). Indigenous amino acids in primitive CR meteorites. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 42, 2125–2136.
– Kvenvolden, K. et al. (1970). Evidence for extraterrestrial amino-acids and hydrocarbons in the Murchison meteorite. Nature 228, 923–926.
– Potiszil, C. et al. (2023). Insights into the formation and evolution of extraterrestrial amino acids from the asteroid Ryugu. Nat. Commun. 14, 1482.
– Elsila, J. E. et al. (2009). Cometary glycine detected in samples returned by Stardust. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 44, 1323–1330.
– Glavin, D. P. et al. (2008). Detection of cometary amines in samples returned by Stardust. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 43, 399–413.
– Altwegg, K. et al. (2016). Prebiotic chemicals—amino acid and phosphorus—in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Sci. Adv. 2, e1600285.

—

この翻訳は、科学的な内容を日本語で理解しやすく伝えることを目的としています。

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