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Home GLYCINE

「うつ病治療のためのナノボディを用いたmGlyRの標的化」

iLIFE by iLIFE
2026年1月26日
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**ニュース記事**

**神経精神疾患治療の新たなアプローチ:ナノボディを用いたうつ病治療の可能性**

現代医学における最大の課題の一つは、神経精神疾患に対する治療法の開発です。従来の小分子薬の一般的な限界には、効果の低さ、オフターゲットの副作用、そして多くの標的の薬物化の難しさが含まれます。本研究では、うつ病という広く見られる神経精神疾患の治療に、ナノボディと呼ばれる小型のエンジニアリングされた単一ドメイン抗体を用いる新たなアプローチを報告します。私たちは、うつ病の病態生理に重要な役割を果たす最近発見されたグリシン受容体mGlyRに対して、高い選択性を持つナノボディを開発しました。

ストレス誘発性うつ病のマウスモデルを用いて、ナノボディの非侵襲的な経鼻投与が迅速かつ持続的な抗うつ効果をもたらすことを示しました。また、ナノボディに結合したmGlyRの原子構造を解明し、さまざまな細胞ベースのアプローチを用いてmGlyRの調節メカニズムと神経回路への影響を明らかにしました。これらの発見は、難治性脳障害の治療のための生物製剤の開発を支持するものです。

**はじめに**

大うつ病性障害(MDD)は、先進国の人口の約5%に影響を及ぼす広く見られる神経精神疾患です。うつ病治療においては大きな進展がありましたが、現在承認されている治療薬の効果は限られています。MDDの管理において、戦略や薬物標的を探ることは重要な目標とされています。

MDDの分子病因は複雑であり、完全には理解されていません。神経伝達物質のシグナル伝達の不均衡が、イオンチャネル、キナーゼ、セカンドメッセンジャー(特にcAMP)を含む一連の不適応変化を引き起こし、シナプスコミュニケーションや神経の興奮性に影響を与えると考えられています。これらの変化は、MDDの主要な悪化因子であるストレスなどの環境要因によって引き起こされます。感情状態の処理に関与し、MDDの影響を受ける神経回路も同様に複雑であり、前頭前野(PFC)などの多くの構造が関与しています。

MDDの治療は、従来、現在承認されている抗うつ薬の大多数が標的とするモノアミン神経伝達物質によるシグナル伝達を媒介する要素に焦点を当ててきました。しかし、最近のいくつかの薬剤はGABA、グルタミン酸、オピオイド受容体も標的としており、MDD治療の開発における他の神経伝達物質系の可能性を浮き彫りにしています。その中で、グリシンという神経伝達物質は未開発のシステムの一つです。グリシンは特定の神経細胞によって放出され、神経回路や神経細胞の活動に特異的な影響を与えます。グリシンとその関連自然化合物であるタウリンは、気分の調節やうつ病に深く関与しているとされています。

グリシンの効果は、主に専用のグリシン受容体GlyRという抑制性イオンチャネルによって媒介されると考えられていましたが、最近、グリシンのメタボトロピック受容体であるmGlyRが発見されました。

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