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宇宙で生命の複雑な構成要素が自発的に形成される、研究結果発表

iLIFE by iLIFE
2026年1月22日
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宇宙で生命の複雑な構成要素が自発的に形成される、研究結果発表
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以下は、提供された文章を日本語のニュース形式に翻訳したものです。

—

**星間空間における生命の化学的基盤の発見**

デンマークのオーフス大学とハンガリーのHUN-REN Atomkiに所属する研究者、セルジオ・イオッポロ氏とアルフィー・ホプキンソン氏は、星間空間に存在する分子雲の冷たいポケットに、生命の化学的基盤が見つかる可能性があると考えています。彼らは、宇宙の条件を再現し、アミノ酸からペプチドが形成されるプロセスが、星間物質中の塵粒子間で起こる化学プロセスと類似しているかどうかを調査しました。

星間空間に似た環境を作り出すため、研究チームは小型の実験室を構築し、アミノ酸の最も単純な形であるグリシンを-260℃に保たれたチャンバー内に配置しました。グリシンと放射線との反応は、星間空間の塵粒子の表面で起こる反応に類似していました。

イオッポロ氏は、「以前の研究では、グリシンのような単純なアミノ酸が星間領域で生成されることが示されています。しかし、私たちの現在の調査は、星間領域で形成されたアミノ酸からより複雑な分子(ペプチド)を開発する可能性に焦点を当てています」と述べました。

ペプチドの生成は、2つ以上のアミノ酸が結合することで起こります。タンパク質合成は、さまざまなペプチド鎖が結合して単一のタンパク質を形成する過程であり、ペプチドを結合させるプロセスは「タンパク質の折りたたみ」と呼ばれます。タンパク質は生命を維持する上で重要な役割を果たしているため、ペプチド結合の形成は無機物から有機物への移行に寄与する重要な出来事と見なされています。

HUN-REN Atomkiの研究者たちは、他の天体におけるグリシン氷の合成の実現可能性を調査するため、イオン加速器を使用して宇宙線をシミュレーションしました。加速器によって生成された陽子は、宇宙空間に存在する高エネルギー粒子のアナログとして機能しました。次のステップは、この種の相互作用後にグリシンに何が起こったかを記録することでした。

ホプキンソン氏は、「照射後、グリシン分子がペプチド結合を形成することで相互作用し始め、水が副産物として生成されることが明らかになりました。これは、星間分子環境でも同様の反応が起こることを強く示唆しています」と述べました。

この研究のユニークな点は、水がアミド結合の形成を通じてペプチド結合が生成されたかどうかを判断するマーカーとして使用できることを示したことです。

—

この翻訳は、元の内容を日本語のニュース形式に適した形でまとめたものです。

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